2011-10-06
A concept that is highly valued for the maintenance of excavation machinery abroad is "FOWA". What is?Used excavatorFOWA？ That is, fuel. Oil: Engine oil, hydraulic oil. Water: Water. Air: Air.
According to the fault statistics of most second-hand excavator sales markets, 70% of excavator failures are caused by poor basic maintenance, namely FOWA management. The other 30% of faults are mechanical failures, machine overload operation, other faults, etc.
Most users and operators in the domestic second-hand excavator market have long neglected the basic maintenance of excavators, and the bosses are too stingy in investing in the maintenance costs of the machines. The first reaction after a machine malfunctions is to complain to the manufacturer about the poor quality of the machine. Little do they know that the working environment of second-hand excavators is harsh, and most of the reasons for machine malfunctions are due to inadequate basic maintenance. Of course, there are also some issues with the quality of the machine itself and the operator's operation (overload).
The following focuses on the damages caused by poor FOWA management:
Fuel, fuel is the food of the engine. Imagine what would happen if there were stones, sand, or other dirty things mixed in our daily food?
Several factors for measuring fuel quality: 1 Moisture content 2 Dust content 3 Sulfur content 4 Paraffin content 5 Heavy oil content
If inferior fuel is used, it can cause the following hazards:
Rust, wear of high-pressure pump, and decrease in injection pressure of high-pressure pump result in a decrease in engine power, combustion efficiency, and engine power
High water content: accelerates the wear of the high-pressure pump plunger, plunger sleeve, nozzle needle valve, causing a decrease in injection pressure, poor atomization, black smoke emission, and a decrease in engine power.
High dust content: The sand and dust mixed into the fuel will accelerate the wear of the high-pressure pump plunger, plunger sleeve, oil outlet valve, high-pressure pump needle valve, and one-way valve, causing a decrease in injection pressure, poor atomization, black smoke emission, and a decrease in engine power.
High sulfur content: The sulfur in fuel generates acidic substances after combustion;
It will cause the following results: accelerate the deterioration of engine oil and corrode the internal surfaces of the machine body. The impact of sulfur content on oil change time: 1. Under normal circumstances, sulfur should be less than 0.5%. 2. When the sulfur content is between 0.5% and 1%, the oil change time is halved. 3. When the sulfur content is greater than 1%, the oil change time is 1/4 of the normal time.
Paraffin content: Fuel contains a large amount of paraffin, which solidifies when the temperature drops, causing blockages in the fuel delivery pipe and filter element, resulting in difficulty or inability to start the engine.
Heavy oil content: Heavy oil mixed with fuel cannot burn completely quickly after being injected into the cylinder, and will form large carbon particles, causing blockage of the fuel injector.
Key points of management and maintenance:
1. Control the quality of incoming goods and strengthen inventory management (waterproof, prevent air inhalation);
2. Choose the appropriate fuel grade based on the ambient temperature. Time measurement standard (within 1 day): When the lowest temperature is above zero degrees, choose No. 0 diesel. When the lowest temperature is between minus 10 degrees Celsius and zero degrees Celsius, use -10 diesel fuel;
3. If conditions permit, fill the fuel tank immediately after work every day to prevent air from being sucked into the tank. Due to the temperature difference between day and night, water in the air will condense and deposit in the tank; Before starting each day, be sure to drain any accumulated water from the fuel tank and oil-water separator.
4. Replace the filter element according to the prescribed time and use the original filter element. (Basic maintenance requirement: replace the filter element after 250 hours)
Due to the price of second-hand excavators, many users choose to use secondary factory filters, which indeed saves on usage costs in the short term. However, due to production costs, the material and number of layers of the filter paper in the secondary factory (the price of the secondary factory filter is low, where does its profit come from? From here, cutting corners) cannot meet the original factory's filtration standards, and impurities in the fuel are not effectively filtered out, ultimately causing damage to the high-pressure fuel pump. These maintenance measures may still be far from enough, as summarized in our summaryMaintenance of second-hand excavatorsIn addition to routine maintenance, there are also many inspection and daily troubleshooting methods for excavators in the information.
New excavator maintenance
① After 250 hours of operation, the fuel filter and additional fuel filter should be replaced; Check the clearance of the engine valves.
② Daily maintenance; Check, clean or replace the air filter element; Clean the interior of the cooling system; Check and tighten the track plate bolts; Check and adjust the anti tension of the track; Check the intake heater; Replace the bucket teeth; Adjust the clearance of the bucket; Check the level of front window cleaning solution; Check and adjust the air conditioner; Clean the floor inside the driver's cabin; Replace the crusher filter element (optional accessory). When cleaning the interior of the cooling system, wait for the engine to fully cool down, slowly loosen the water injection cap, release the pressure inside the water tank, and then release the water; Do not perform cleaning work while the engine is working, as high-speed rotating fans can pose a danger; When cleaning or replacing the coolant, the machine should be parked on a level surface; Replace the coolant and corrosion inhibitor according to Table 3. The ratio of antifreeze to water shall comply with the requirements in Table 4.
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