2011-04-03
Recently, I have seen many friends asking about excavator operation skills on the forum. Shanghai Huacheng once collected an article and shared it with everyone. Friends who use it, please save it.
1. Operational techniques
Firstly, it is necessary to confirm the surrounding conditions. When performing rotary operations, it is important to have a clear understanding of surrounding obstacles and terrain and operate safely; When doing homework, it is necessary to confirm the front and rear direction of the track to avoid tipping or impact; Try not to face the final drive towards the excavation direction, otherwise it may damage the walking motor or hose; During homework, it is necessary to ensure that the left and right tracks are in complete contact with the ground to improve the dynamic stability of the entire machine.
2. Effective mining methods
When the bucket cylinder and connecting rod, and the arm cylinder and arm are at a 90 degree angle to each other, the excavation force is maximum; When the bucket teeth maintain a 30 degree angle with the ground, the excavation force is optimal and the soil cutting resistance is minimized; When excavating with a stick, it should be ensured that the angle range of the stick is between 45 degrees from the front and 30 degrees from the back. Simultaneously using the boom and bucket can improve excavation efficiency.
3. Excavating rocks
Using a bucket to excavate rocks can cause significant damage to the machine and should be avoided as much as possible; When excavation is necessary, the position of the machine should be adjusted according to the direction of the rock cracks, so that the bucket can smoothly shovel in and carry out excavation; Insert the bucket teeth into the rock crack and use the digging force of the boom and bucket to excavate (be careful of the slipping of the bucket teeth); Unbroken rocks should be broken before excavation with a bucket. Tip: This article is shared by Cai Yuanguang. For more articles, please visit Lao Cai's excavator blog at Cai Yuanguang (pinyin).
4. Slope leveling operation
When carrying out flat surface finishing, the machine should be placed flat on the ground to prevent the body from shaking. It is crucial to grasp the coordination of the actions of the boom and the arm, and control the speed of both for flat surface finishing.
5. Loading operation
The body should be in a stable horizontal position, otherwise it is difficult to accurately control the rotation and unloading, thereby prolonging the operation cycle time; The body and the truck should maintain an appropriate distance to prevent the tail of the body from colliding with the truck during a 180 degree turn; Try to perform left rotation installation as much as possible, which will broaden the field of view and increase work efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly grasp the rotation angle to reduce the time spent on rotation; The position of the truck is lower than that of the excavator to shorten the lifting time of the boom and provide good visibility; First, load sand and gravel, then place large stones to reduce the impact on the cargo compartment.
6. Working in soft areas or underwater environments
When working in soft soil areas, it is important to understand the degree of soil compaction and limit the excavation range of the bucket to prevent accidents such as landslides and collapses, as well as deep vehicle subsidence.
When working in water, attention should be paid to the allowable water depth range of the vehicle (the water surface should be below the center of the sprocket); If the horizontal plane is high, poor lubrication will occur inside the slewing bearing due to water ingress, engine fan blades will be damaged by water impact, and electrical circuit components will experience short circuits or open circuits due to water intrusion.
7. Lifting operation
Hydraulic actionexcavating machineryWhen carrying out lifting operations, the surrounding conditions of the lifting site should be confirmed, high-strength lifting hooks and steel wire ropes should be used, and specialized lifting devices should be used as much as possible during lifting; The homework should be done in micro operation mode, with slow and balanced movements; The length of the suspension rope should be appropriate. If it is too long, it will cause the suspended object to swing significantly and be difficult to control accurately; Adjust the position of the bucket correctly to prevent the steel wire rope from slipping off; Construction personnel should try not to approach the lifting objects as much as possible to prevent danger caused by improper operation.
8. Stable operation method
During homework, the stability of the machine can not only improve work efficiency and extend machine life, but also ensure operational safety (by placing the machine on a relatively flat surface); The stability of the drive sprocket on the rear side is better than on the front side, and it can prevent the final drive from being impacted by external forces; The wheelbase of the track on the ground is always greater than the wheelbase, so it has good stability when working forward, and lateral operation should be avoided as much as possible; Keep the excavation point close to the machine to improve stability and excavator performance; If the excavation point is far away from the machine, causing the center of gravity to shift forward, the operation will be unstable; Lateral excavation is less stable than forward excavation. If the excavation point is far away from the center of the machine, the machine will be more unstable. Therefore, the excavation point should maintain a suitable distance from the center of the machine to ensure balanced and efficient operation.
9. Worth noting operationThe hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a buffering device inside, which can gradually release back pressure near the end of the stroke; If the piston is subjected to an impact load after reaching the end of the stroke, it will directly hit the cylinder head or bottom, which can easily cause accidents. Therefore, a clearance should be left as much as possible when reaching the end of the stroke.
The use of rotary motion for bulldozing operations will cause abnormal stress on the bucket and working device, resulting in distortion or weld cracking, and even pin breakage. Such operations should be avoided as much as possible.
Using the weight of the machine body for excavation can cause abnormal stress on the slewing support, as well as strong vibration and impact on the chassis. Therefore, the use of hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic pipelines can cause significant damage.
When loading and unloading heavy materials such as rocks, they should be unloaded near the bottom of the truck compartment, or soil should be loaded first, followed by rocks. High altitude unloading is prohibited to reduce impact damage to the truck.
When the track is deeply stuck in the mud, place a wooden board under the bucket, use the bottom of the bucket to support the track, and then place a wooden board under the track to drive the machine out.
10. Correct walking operation
When the excavator is moving, the working device should be retracted as much as possible and placed close to the center of the machine to maintain stability; Place the final drive at the back to protect it.
Try to avoid driving over obstacles such as tree stumps and rocks as much as possible to prevent the tracks from twisting; If it is necessary to drive over obstacles, ensure that the center of the track is on the obstacle.
When passing over the mound, always use a working device to support the chassis to prevent the vehicle from shaking violently or even tipping over.
Long term idling of the engine on steep slopes should be avoided, otherwise poor lubrication may occur due to changes in oil level angle.
Long distance travel of the machine can cause high temperatures in the supporting wheels and final drive due to prolonged rotation, resulting in a decrease in oil viscosity and poor lubrication. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently shut down the machine for cooling and prolong the life of the lower body.
It is prohibited to rely on the driving force of walking for excavation operations, otherwise excessive loads will cause early wear or damage to the final drive, tracks, and other components of the vehicle.
When walking uphill, the driving wheel should be positioned at the back to increase the adhesion of the track when touching the ground.
When walking downhill, the driving wheels should be in front to tighten the upper tracks, in order to prevent the vehicle from sliding forward under gravity and causing danger when parking.
When walking on a slope, the working device should be placed in front to ensure safety. After parking, gently insert the bucket into the ground and place a stop block under the track.
When walking and turning on steep slopes, the speed should be slowed down. When turning left, turn the left track backwards, and when turning right, turn the right track backwards. This can reduce the danger of turning on slopes.
11. Correct crushing operation
Firstly, place the hammer head vertically on the object to be broken. When starting the crushing operation, lift the front body of the vehicle by about 5cm. During the crushing process, the crushing head should be continuously pressed on the crushed material. If the non crushed material has already been crushed, the crushing operation should be stopped immediately. When breaking, the vibration will gradually change the direction of the hammer head, so the bucket cylinder should be adjusted at any time to make the direction of the hammer head perpendicular to the surface of the broken object.
When the hammer cannot penetrate the broken object, the crushing position should be changed; Continuously breaking in the following area should not exceed one minute, otherwise not only will the hammer be damaged, but the oil temperature will also rise abnormally; For hard objects, they should gradually break from the edge.
It is strictly prohibited to break while rotating, twist the hammer head after insertion, use the hydraulic hammer horizontally or upwards, and use the hydraulic hammer as a chisel.
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